Understanding Ammunition and Its Vulnerabilities
The Components of Ammunition
The reliable performance of your firearms, the safety of yourself and others, and the longevity of your investment in ammunition all depend on one crucial element: proper storage. Far too often, ammunition is treated as a commodity to be tossed in a box and forgotten. However, neglecting the storage of your rounds can lead to serious consequences, from frustrating misfires on the range to the potential for hazardous situations. This comprehensive guide provides everything you need to know to store your ammunition long term safely, effectively, and with the knowledge that your rounds will be ready when you need them.
The Factors Affecting Ammunition
To understand the art of long-term ammunition storage, it’s essential to first appreciate what ammunition is and what can go wrong. Ammunition, regardless of the caliber, is a complex and precisely engineered system.
At its core, a single round consists of several vital components: the projectile (the bullet), the propellant (gunpowder), the primer (the small explosive device that initiates the firing process), and the casing (the brass or other material that holds everything together). Each of these parts plays a crucial role in the functioning of the round, and the integrity of each component is paramount to its reliable performance.
Several environmental factors can compromise the integrity of ammunition over time, leading to degradation, malfunctions, and potentially unsafe conditions. Understanding these factors is the first step towards effective storage.
One of the most significant threats to ammunition long term is temperature. Extreme heat can destabilize the propellant, causing it to degrade, and potentially leading to pressure spikes and dangerous malfunctions when fired. Conversely, rapid temperature fluctuations can also promote corrosion and condensation, accelerating the degradation of the metal components.
Humidity is another critical factor. Moisture is the enemy of all things metal. High humidity levels can lead to rust and corrosion on the casings, which can hinder extraction and potentially cause catastrophic failures. Furthermore, excessive moisture can penetrate the primer and propellant, rendering them unreliable.
Exposure to direct sunlight can also cause harm. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can degrade some materials, including the components of the propellant, impacting their effectiveness. While not as damaging as heat or humidity, it’s still a factor to consider.
Physical damage can also compromise ammunition long term. Crushing, dents, or other forms of physical stress can compromise the casings, leading to failures. Rough handling, dropping, or storing ammunition in locations where it can be easily damaged should be avoided.
Finally, exposure to chemicals, such as solvents, cleaning agents, or even certain types of lubricants, can contaminate the ammunition and lead to malfunctions or render it completely unusable.
The consequences of these factors are varied and can range from the merely inconvenient to the truly dangerous. Corrosion on the casings can make extraction difficult or even impossible. Degradation of the propellant can lead to reduced power, inconsistent ballistics, or even complete failure to fire. Primer failures can result in a “click” instead of a “bang”, leaving you vulnerable in a self-defense situation or disrupting the enjoyment of a recreational shooting session. At the extreme end, improper storage can lead to ammunition that is unstable and potentially hazardous to handle and fire.
Essential Elements of Long-Term Ammunition Storage
Location
Proper ammunition long term storage is not a complex undertaking. However, attention to detail and adherence to best practices are crucial. Here are the essential elements for preserving your ammunition.
One of the most fundamental considerations is location. The ideal storage environment for ammunition is cool, dry, and stable. The goal is to minimize the influence of the environmental factors that can accelerate ammunition degradation.
Attics, basements, and garages are often problematic for ammunition storage. Attics are notorious for temperature extremes, and basements can be prone to dampness. Garages, while potentially suitable, can be affected by seasonal temperature changes and humidity fluctuations. If these are your only options, it becomes even more crucial to manage the environment within the storage container, perhaps with a dehumidifier or climate control systems.
Beyond the environmental factors, safety and security are paramount. Ammunition should always be stored out of reach of children and unauthorized individuals. A locked container is an absolute necessity. Consider the level of security appropriate for your situation, from a simple locked box to a dedicated gun safe.
Container Selection
The container you choose is another critical element. The selection of the storage container is a crucial decision for ammunition long term preservation.
Ammunition cans, those sturdy metal boxes often used by the military, are a classic choice, and they can be very effective if well-maintained. They offer good protection from the elements and are often available at reasonable prices. However, ensure the can’s seals are still in good condition, as a compromised seal negates the protection it should afford.
Plastic ammunition boxes offer another viable option. These are often more readily available and lighter than metal cans. Choose boxes that are made from durable, impact-resistant plastic and feature airtight seals.
For the ultimate in protection, consider airtight containers. These can be found in a variety of sizes and materials, and when combined with desiccant packs (discussed later), they provide an extremely effective barrier against moisture and other environmental hazards.
A dedicated safe is ideal for the most serious collectors and for those who want the highest level of security. Safes offer protection from both environmental hazards and theft and are an excellent choice for any serious firearm owner.
Irrespective of the container you choose, consider the material. Metal containers should be rust-resistant, and any plastic container needs to be able to withstand a degree of stress from impacts. The seals should be designed to prevent moisture and dust from entering.
Labeling and organization are also crucial aspects of container selection. Clearly label each container with the caliber, type, and date of purchase or re-packaging of the ammunition. This allows you to quickly identify the rounds you need and helps you track your inventory. Consider a system for organizing the containers to maximize storage space and ease access.
Environmental Control
Controlling the environment within your storage container is just as important as the container itself.
Humidity control is a primary concern. Humidity encourages corrosion, and that, in turn, reduces reliability. Keeping humidity levels low is paramount. You can achieve this by using desiccants. Desiccant packs, such as those containing silica gel, absorb moisture from the air within the container, creating a dry environment.
Temperature regulation is also essential. Significant temperature fluctuations can promote condensation, leading to moisture build-up. Avoid storing ammunition in locations where the temperature varies wildly. Choose a location where the temperature remains relatively stable.
Air circulation is also a relevant point for ammunition storage. Some containers may trap air within, and this can create a small microclimate. Ensure the container permits some ventilation to avoid moisture build-up, but also be careful not to introduce a source of humidity.
Handling and Inspection
Regular inspection and handling are also necessary parts of keeping ammunition long term safe and usable.
Gentle handling techniques are essential to prevent physical damage. Avoid dropping ammunition, and handle it with care during loading and unloading.
Regular inspection is an absolute must. Inspect your ammunition periodically, ideally annually, but more frequently if you live in a humid climate or if the ammunition is stored in a less-than-ideal environment. During your inspection, visually inspect the rounds for any signs of corrosion (rust or tarnish on the casings), damage to the projectiles (dents, scratches, or loose bullets), and any signs of propellant degradation.
If you find any ammunition that appears damaged or degraded, handle it with extreme caution. Dispose of it safely following local regulations. Do not attempt to fire damaged rounds.
Advanced Storage Tips and Considerations
Using Desiccants
Beyond the fundamentals, there are advanced techniques and considerations that can further enhance the effectiveness of your ammunition long term storage strategy.
Desiccants play a key role in keeping moisture away from stored ammunition. Selecting the right desiccant and properly utilizing it is crucial. Silica gel is a widely used and readily available desiccant. There are also other options to choose from, such as activated alumina. Ensure the desiccant is fresh and has not already absorbed its maximum moisture capacity.
Proper placement is also critical. Place the desiccant packs inside the storage container, close to the ammunition, but avoid direct contact. You can place them in the bottom of the container, on top of the rounds, or in a designated compartment, such as a small pouch.
Most desiccants are reusable. They can be “recharged” by baking them in an oven at a low temperature to drive off the absorbed moisture. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for recharging.
Packaging
Another consideration is packaging. The way you package ammunition within the storage container can have an impact on its long-term preservation. In some cases, repackaging ammunition into smaller quantities can make management easier. Avoid overfilling containers, as this can increase the risk of physical damage.
Specific Considerations
In addition, consider the nature of each type of ammunition and its specific requirements. Handloads, rounds you create yourself, may require even stricter storage protocols than factory-loaded ammunition. Rimfire ammunition, which is particularly sensitive to moisture, often needs extra care.
For shotguns, humidity can be a serious issue.
Long-term Testing
Long-term testing can also be considered. Consider testing a small number of rounds from each batch periodically to ensure that the ammunition is still functioning properly.
Disposal
Safe disposal is also essential. If you find that ammunition has deteriorated beyond a safe level of usability, you will need to dispose of it. Avoid firing suspect ammunition. Instead, follow the recommendations provided by your local authorities for handling and disposal.
Safety Precautions and Legal Considerations
When storing ammunition long term, safety and legal compliance are of the utmost importance.
Always follow all safety regulations when handling and storing ammunition. Treat every round as if it were loaded and ready to fire. Never point a firearm at anything you do not intend to shoot.
Familiarize yourself with the legal requirements regarding ammunition storage in your area. State and local laws vary considerably, and it’s crucial to know and abide by the rules applicable to your specific location. These regulations may cover the types of containers that are permissible, the locations where you are allowed to store ammunition, and any other specific requirements.
Safe disposal of deteriorated or damaged ammunition is an important part of maintaining a safe firearms environment. Contact your local law enforcement agency or hazardous waste disposal facility for instructions on how to properly dispose of ammunition that is no longer safe to use.
Always consult the original manufacturer’s instructions for specific recommendations regarding ammunition storage.
Conclusion
Proper long-term ammunition storage is a critical aspect of responsible firearm ownership. By understanding the vulnerabilities of ammunition, implementing effective storage techniques, and adhering to safety and legal requirements, you can ensure your rounds remain reliable, safe, and ready for use when you need them.
Implementing the best practices outlined in this guide is an investment in your firearm safety, your shooting enjoyment, and the preservation of your ammunition.
Regularly inspect your ammunition, and adjust your storage methods as needed. Gun safety is the responsibility of every firearm owner. Make ammunition storage a priority, and be sure to seek additional information from trusted resources, such as your local gun range or firearms safety instructors, or the manufacturers themselves.
Always ensure you follow all local, state, and federal laws regarding firearms and ammunition.
