Gathering the Necessary Materials and Tools
Prioritizing Safety First
The tanning process involves chemicals, and it’s crucial to prioritize safety. This includes wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Always use heavy-duty, chemical-resistant gloves to protect your hands from potential irritants and chemicals. Eye protection, such as safety goggles or a face shield, is non-negotiable to shield your eyes from splashes or airborne particles. A respirator with appropriate cartridges for the chemicals you are using is highly recommended, especially in a poorly ventilated area. Work in a well-ventilated space to minimize exposure to fumes. Having a dedicated work surface covered with plastic or other protective material is also beneficial.
Obtaining the Hide
Finding the raw material is the first step. This may come from various sources, with hunting or trapping being the most common when following ethical considerations. Always adhere to local laws and regulations regarding trapping and hunting. Another avenue is to utilize roadkill, but ensure the animal is fresh and has not been sitting in the elements for an extended period of time. Remember to handle the carcass with gloves and take measures to prevent the spread of disease. A crucial point here is respecting the animal.
Skinning the Squirrel
The process of skinning the squirrel itself is a vital step in preparing the hide. This process requires patience and a sharp knife. The goal is to carefully separate the skin from the carcass without cutting through the hide. Start by making an incision along the belly, from the chin to the tail. Carefully peel the skin away from the flesh, working your way around the legs and arms. The tail should be detached carefully, leaving as much tailbone as possible attached to the hide. Taking your time is essential to avoid tearing the delicate hide. If you’re new to this, you might find it helpful to watch a video tutorial on squirrel skinning before you begin.
Tanning Essentials
The core of the process relies on specific chemicals and supplies.
- Salt (For Curing): This is the primary preserver. You’ll need a good quantity of non-iodized salt, ideally coarse salt, to effectively draw moisture out of the hide and prevent decomposition.
- Tanning Solution: The choice of tanning solution dictates the final result. There are several options, including commercial tanning chemicals or a method like alum tanning. Research the method that best suits your needs and acquire the appropriate chemicals.
- Degreasing Agent: Squirrel hides, like most animal hides, contain natural fats. These fats, if not properly removed, can lead to a greasy, smelly, and unstable hide. Common degreasing agents include mild dish soap (ensure it’s free of harsh chemicals), or specialized degreasing chemicals, such as those used by tanneries.
- Optional: Borax: Borax can be incorporated into the washing process, adding to the softening of the final product.
- Optional: Oil for Softening: After the tanning process is complete, the hide needs to be softened. Oils, such as neatsfoot oil or mink oil, help to replenish the hide’s natural oils and contribute to a supple, pliable texture.
Essential Tools
The right tools make the job easier and more efficient.
- Buckets and Containers: You’ll need several buckets or containers of varying sizes for soaking the hide, preparing the tanning solution, and washing the hide. Plastic containers are suitable.
- Scraping Tools: To properly flesh the hide (removing any remaining flesh and fat), a fleshing knife, a dull-edged knife (such as an old butter knife), or a specialized scraping tool is essential. The choice of tool depends on your preference and experience.
- Stretching Frame or Board: This is used during the drying process to keep the hide stretched and prevent shrinking. You can build your own frame or use a commercially available one.
- Gloves: Remember to wear chemical-resistant gloves to protect your hands.
- Measuring Tools: Accurate measurements are critical for mixing the tanning solution. A kitchen scale to weigh chemicals, measuring cups, and measuring spoons will be needed.
Pre-Tanning Preparation
Curing the Hide
This is the first critical step in preservation. Begin by thoroughly salting the hide. This involves spreading a generous layer of salt over the fleshy side of the hide. Then, fold the hide in half (fleshy side to fleshy side) or roll it up tightly. Burying the hide in salt helps draw out moisture and preserve the hide from decomposition. Leave the hide salted for a period of several days (typically three to seven days, depending on the thickness of the hide and the ambient temperature). The salt will pull moisture out of the hide.
Washing and Cleaning
Once the curing period is complete, the hide will be stiff and covered in salt. First, you’ll need to wash away the salt. Soak the hide in cool water, changing the water frequently, to remove all traces of salt. Next, the hide requires degreasing to remove the natural oils. In a clean bucket, prepare a mixture of water and your chosen degreasing agent (dish soap is common). Soak the hide in this solution, agitating it and scrubbing it gently to remove the grease. Rinse thoroughly with clean water until all traces of the degreasing agent are gone.
Fleshing the Hide
Fleshing involves removing any remaining bits of flesh, fat, and membrane from the underside of the hide. This is crucial for a clean, pliable final product. Secure the hide to a fleshing beam or a sturdy, inclined surface. Using a fleshing knife or scraping tool, carefully scrape away any remaining tissue, working in the direction of the hair growth. The goal is to remove the unwanted material without cutting into the skin itself. This can be time-consuming, but the results are well worth the effort.
The Tanning Process (Commercial Tann) – Adaptable to other methods
Commercial Tanning Solution
Commercial tanning solutions are designed for efficiency and provide a range of options for different types of hides. Following the manufacturer’s instructions precisely is critical. The concentration of the solution will vary depending on the product you are using.
Soaking the Hide
Once the tanning solution is prepared, submerge the cleaned and fleshed hide in the solution. Ensure the hide is completely submerged, and there are no air bubbles trapped within the fur. Gently agitate the hide periodically (every few hours) to ensure even penetration of the tanning solution.
Tanning Duration
The soaking time will vary, depending on the concentration of your tanning solution, the thickness of the hide, and the tanning method used. It’s important to follow the specific instructions provided by the manufacturer of your tanning solution. The hide is ready when it is completely tanned. Generally speaking, the hide should be left in the solution for one to two weeks for a squirrel hide.
Removal and Rinsing
Once the tanning is complete, remove the hide from the tanning solution. Rinse it thoroughly with clean water to remove any residual tanning chemicals. The rinsing stage is essential for removing excess chemicals and preparing the hide for the next stages.
Softening and Finishing the Hide
Breaking/Softening the Hide
After rinsing, the hide will still likely be somewhat stiff. The breaking, or softening, process is essential to produce pliable leather. There are several methods for softening the hide:
- Hand-Breaking: This involves working the hide with your hands, stretching and pulling it in all directions to break down the fibers. This process can take considerable time and effort but can produce excellent results.
- Beam Work: If you have access to a beam (a rounded, wooden form), you can drape the hide over the beam and work it back and forth to soften it.
- Stretching: If you are working with a frame, the hide is stretched and secured on the frame. As it dries, the hide will stretch, and will soften as it does. This is also a way to minimize shrinkage.
Oiling the Hide
After the softening process, the hide benefits from being oiled. The oil helps to replenish the natural oils lost during tanning and makes the leather softer, more supple, and more water-resistant. The type of oil you use is also important; neatsfoot oil or mink oil are excellent choices. Apply the oil evenly to both sides of the hide. Use a soft cloth or your hands to work the oil into the fibers.
Drying
After oiling, the hide needs to dry completely. If you are using a stretching frame, the hide can dry while held on the frame. If not, the hide can be stretched and pinned to a flat surface. Ensure the hide is stretched taut. Allow the hide to dry in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat, which can cause the hide to shrink and become stiff. Drying time will depend on the environment, but it can take several days or even weeks.
Final Steps
After the hide is dry, you might want to give it a final cleaning and smoothing. Use a soft brush or a scraper to remove any loose fibers or imperfections. The hide is now tanned and ready to be used for your project.
Aftercare and Uses for the Tanned Hide
Storing the Tanned Hide
Store the tanned hide in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. If you are not using it immediately, you can wrap it in acid-free paper or a breathable fabric to protect it from dust and damage.
Potential Uses
The possibilities for the tanned squirrel hide are only limited by your imagination. Given the small size, the squirrel hide is ideally suited for smaller projects:
- Clothing: Small pouches, trim for larger garments, or embellishments.
- Craft Projects: Decorative items, small bags, cordage, and leather working are all great options.
- Taxidermy Base: Perfect for creating small taxidermy mounts.
Tips and Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
- Hair Slippage: This is a major concern. It can be caused by improper curing, using a solution that is too strong, or not degreasing the hide adequately. Make sure that the tanning solution is measured correctly.
- Stiff Hide: This can be caused by a range of factors, including inadequate softening, insufficient oiling, or drying the hide too quickly.
- Shrinkage: This can be avoided by stretching the hide properly during drying. Also, not degreasing properly can cause issues.
Advice for Beginners
Start with a simple method and a small amount of raw materials. Read and understand each step thoroughly. Practice makes perfect! Be patient, and don’t be afraid to experiment.
Resources
Several online resources offer guidance and support: online forums, videos, and books on tanning. There are also suppliers who can provide chemicals and supplies.
Conclusion
Learning how to tan a squirrel hide is a rewarding skill. It allows you to connect with nature, preserve a valuable resource, and create unique and handcrafted items. It demands patience, persistence, and attention to detail. You’ve now got the framework. Now, it’s up to you to decide if you can learn how to tan a squirrel hide! Take the plunge, gather your materials, and start your journey!
