A Glance Back in Time: The Colt 1851 Navy’s Origins
The Colt 1851 Navy revolver, designed by Samuel Colt, was a groundbreaking piece of engineering for its time. Colt’s vision was to create a pistol that could rapidly fire multiple shots, revolutionizing the firearms industry. The Colt 1851 Navy, formally known as the Colt Navy Model 1851, was named for its adoption by the U.S. Navy, though it was also heavily used by the U.S. Army and civilian populations.
The revolver’s design featured a .36 caliber bullet, a significant step up from earlier Colt models. The barrel length, typically around 7.5 inches, provided a balance between accuracy and ease of handling. One of the most distinctive features was the engraved cylinder depicting a naval scene, an image of a naval battle between the Republic of Texas and the Mexican fleet. This decoration, more than just decorative, was a symbol of power and prestige.
The Colt 1851 Navy wasn’t just a firearm; it was a symbol of its age. It was a tool of war, a symbol of freedom, and a part of the expansion westward. Its reliability and accuracy quickly made it popular among soldiers, lawmen, and civilians. The revolver played a significant role in the American Civil War, used on both sides of the conflict. The Colt 1851 was not just about killing but surviving in a harsh world, it provided a certain level of confidence and security to its users.
The firearm’s legacy extends far beyond its functional purpose. It influenced the design of later firearms and continues to inspire collectors and enthusiasts. Its impact on the firearms industry and the American experience cannot be overstated.
Deciphering the Code: Understanding Colt’s Numbering System
The serial number is the fingerprint of a Colt firearm. It’s an indispensable tool for collectors, historians, and anyone wishing to authenticate a Colt 1851. Colt’s serial numbering system was a complex but essential practice for tracking production, managing inventory, and establishing the timeline of firearm manufacture.
Colt’s practice included assigning a unique serial number to each revolver, typically stamped on multiple components, including the frame, barrel, cylinder, trigger guard, and sometimes the loading lever. This allowed Colt to efficiently track the production of its firearms. The goal was to ensure parts that were originally assembled with each firearm remained together throughout the gun’s life.
The consistency of the serial numbers also is critical. All serial numbers on a firearm should match. If they do not, it might indicate parts have been replaced or the gun has been modified. Matching serial numbers are a key indicator of originality and add significant value to a collectible. This is a critical consideration for collectors looking to invest in a genuine piece of history.
Where to Begin: Finding the Serial Number on Your Colt 1851
The first step in understanding your Colt 1851 is locating its serial number. The following are the most common places where you’ll find the serial number:
The Frame
The primary location for the serial number. It’s typically found on the bottom of the frame, near the trigger guard.
The Barrel
The serial number is often located on the underside of the barrel, near the frame.
The Cylinder
The cylinder usually has the serial number on the outside.
The Trigger Guard
The serial number is sometimes stamped on the trigger guard.
The Backstrap
The serial number can be found on the backstrap as well, although it is not always present.
The location of the serial number can vary slightly depending on the year of manufacture. The numbers themselves are often small and may have become faint over time. The serial numbers are critical for authentication.
A Guide to Production Years and Serial Number Ranges
While determining the exact production date can be challenging, serial number ranges can provide a useful estimate. Please note that these numbers are approximate, and there can be variation. The serial number ranges are for the Colt Navy 1851.
Early Production
The earliest production runs have serial numbers typically below a few thousand. These are the rarest and most valuable.
Mid-Production
Serial numbers increased steadily, with production ramping up in the early to mid-1850s.
Civil War Era
Production increased dramatically during this period to meet the demand. The serial number range is quite broad, often including the use of inspection marks.
Post-Civil War
Production gradually slowed. Collectors should verify the serial number of the Colt 1851 Navy revolver.
The serial number range gives collectors a good estimate of when the gun was produced. It’s important to consider that the serial numbers are only one part of a broader study.
The Elements of Value: Understanding Factors Beyond the Serial Number
The serial number isn’t the only factor that determines the value of a Colt 1851. Other details play a significant role, including:
Condition
The physical condition of the revolver is a major factor. The better the condition (original finish, sharp markings), the more valuable it will be.
Rarity
Some variations of the Colt 1851 are rarer than others. A Confederate-marked Colt 1851, for instance, would be extremely valuable.
Originality
All original parts, matching serial numbers, and the absence of any modifications significantly increase the revolver’s worth.
Provenance
The history of the firearm, who owned it, and any records relating to it can substantially increase its value, providing extra context and history.
When you are evaluating your Colt 1851, these factors can help determine its value. Collectors should be aware of them.
Identifying Authenticity: Spotting the Genuine Article
With the high value of Colt 1851 revolvers, there’s a real risk of encountering reproductions or guns that have been altered. Here’s how to approach identifying an authentic Colt 1851:
Examine Markings and Stamps
Genuine Colt 1851s will have specific markings. These can include proof marks, inspection stamps, and the Colt factory markings.
Check the Serial Number
Make sure the serial numbers match on all the parts.
Assess the Fit and Finish
The original Colt 1851s had a specific finish and fit that’s difficult to replicate.
Seek Professional Appraisal
If you’re unsure, consulting a qualified firearms appraiser is always a good idea.
The goal of authenticating is to verify the piece and confirm its place in history. Collectors should be diligent and careful with their evaluation.
Navigating Challenges: Potential Problems and Considerations
Owning and collecting Colt 1851s can have its pitfalls. Collectors can face issues, including:
Misidentification
It can be easy to misidentify a model or mistake a reproduction for an original.
Wear and Tear
Firearms of this age often show signs of use and aging, which can obscure markings.
The need for Expert Advice
Don’t hesitate to seek help from experts.
Collectors must be careful about these issues to protect their investments.
Closing Thoughts
The Colt 1851 Navy is more than just a firearm; it’s a portal to the past. Serial numbers unlock the mysteries of the gun, helping to determine its history, age, and authenticity. By carefully studying the serial number and other key aspects of your Colt 1851, you’re connecting with history. You will be able to appreciate the craftsmanship, the history, and the enduring legacy of the Colt 1851 Navy revolver.
Further Resources
- Websites dedicated to Colt firearms (e.g., Colt’s Manufacturing Company website)
- Firearm collector forums and online communities
- Books on Colt firearms and their history
- Museums with firearms collections.
