Understanding the Rounds: A Closer Look
The 9mm Parabellum
Let’s begin by taking a closer look at these two cartridges, examining their origins, physical attributes, and the firearms they commonly inhabit.
The 9mm Parabellum, also known as the 9x19mm, has a rich history deeply intertwined with the evolution of modern firearms. Developed in 1902 by Georg Luger for the German arms manufacturer Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken (DWM), the 9mm Parabellum was initially designed for the Luger semi-automatic pistol. Its adoption by various military and law enforcement agencies throughout the 20th century cemented its place as one of the world’s most prevalent handgun cartridges. It’s a cartridge that’s been tested, refined, and improved over more than a century.
Physically, the 9mm Parabellum is characterized by a bullet diameter of approximately .355 inches. It typically utilizes case lengths around 19 millimeters, and bullet weights commonly range from 115 to 147 grains. Its design provides a good balance of size, power, and reliability, which has greatly contributed to its enduring popularity.
Due to its widespread use, the 9mm Parabellum is chambered in a vast array of firearms. From compact concealed-carry handguns to full-size service pistols and even submachine guns, the 9mm’s versatility is undeniable. Some popular examples include the Glock 19, the SIG Sauer P320, the Smith & Wesson M&P series, and the Beretta 92. The sheer number of firearms available in this caliber means there is an option for almost any shooter’s needs.
The FN 5.7x28mm
Now, let’s shift our attention to the FN 5.7x28mm. This cartridge represents a more recent innovation in ammunition technology. Developed by FN Herstal in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the 5.7x28mm was conceived to provide a lightweight, high-velocity round capable of penetrating body armor while simultaneously offering reduced recoil. Its design sought to fill the gap between pistol rounds and the more powerful rifle cartridges. The goal was to provide an edge in terms of both effectiveness and user comfort.
The 5.7x28mm’s physical characteristics differ significantly from the 9mm. The bullet diameter is approximately .224 inches, significantly smaller than the 9mm. The case length is around 28 millimeters, longer than the 9mm, which contributes to the higher velocity. Bullet weights are typically lighter, often falling in the range of 27 to 40 grains.
While not as widely available as 9mm firearms, the 5.7x28mm is chambered in a selection of intriguing and often purpose-built weapons. The most recognizable firearm chambered in this round is the FN Five-seveN pistol, known for its high-capacity magazines and ergonomic design. Other notable options include the FN PS90, a personal defense weapon, and variants of rifles, such as those offered by CMMG.
Comparing Performance: Ballistic Considerations
Muzzle Velocity and Energy
To properly evaluate these two cartridges, we must compare their performance in key ballistic metrics.
Muzzle velocity is a critical factor in determining a round’s trajectory and energy. The 5.7x28mm, by design, boasts a considerably higher muzzle velocity compared to the 9mm. Depending on the specific ammunition used and the barrel length of the firearm, the 5.7x28mm can easily achieve muzzle velocities exceeding two thousand feet per second. This high velocity is a defining characteristic of the round.
The 9mm, with its generally heavier bullets, typically exhibits muzzle velocities in the range of one thousand to one thousand four hundred feet per second, depending on the specific bullet weight and load. The differences in these velocity numbers matter in terms of how each round performs at a distance.
The higher velocity of the 5.7x28mm directly translates to higher muzzle energy. However, the energy difference is not as pronounced as one might think due to the lighter bullet weight. A higher muzzle energy will aid in creating a more significant wound channel and impact, potentially increasing stopping power. This is where the discussion gets nuanced; while the 5.7x28mm often delivers a flatter trajectory, its energy transfer compared to certain 9mm loads is an ongoing debate.
Trajectory
Trajectory, or the path of the bullet in flight, is influenced by factors such as muzzle velocity and bullet weight. The 5.7x28mm, with its high velocity, offers a flatter trajectory, meaning it experiences less drop over distance. This can improve accuracy at longer ranges, making it a suitable choice for applications where precision is paramount. The 9mm, due to its lower velocity, will experience more drop over the same distance.
Penetration
Penetration capabilities also differentiate these rounds. The 5.7x28mm was specifically designed to penetrate body armor, and many loads have shown strong performance against Level IIIA soft armor. Its small diameter and high velocity enable it to pierce barriers that may stop a slower-moving bullet. The 9mm, while not designed for such purposes, still offers good penetration through many materials. Penetration performance depends heavily on the specific bullet design and construction.
Terminal Ballistics
Terminal ballistics, or what happens when the bullet impacts a target, are crucial for stopping power. The 9mm has a long history of using bullets that expand on impact, creating a larger wound cavity and transferring more energy to the target. The 5.7x28mm bullets can also fragment, but their small size means the wounds may be less immediately incapacitating compared to a well-designed expanding 9mm bullet. The effectiveness of both rounds in self-defense scenarios is a source of ongoing discussion, with many variables influencing the outcome.
Examining the Advantages of 5.7x28mm
Reduced Recoil
Let’s explore some of the strengths of the 5.7x28mm.
One of the most touted benefits of the 5.7x28mm is reduced recoil. This low recoil makes the gun much easier to control during rapid fire, resulting in improved accuracy and faster follow-up shots. This is especially beneficial for shooters who may not be accustomed to the more assertive recoil of a 9mm. Lighter recoil means less fatigue during extended shooting sessions, enhancing the overall shooting experience.
High-Capacity Magazines
The FN Five-seveN and other 5.7x28mm firearms are known for their high-capacity magazines. The ability to carry a larger number of rounds is an obvious advantage in any defensive situation. This increased firepower can provide a tactical edge, allowing shooters to engage multiple threats or sustain fire for a longer duration without reloading.
Lightweight Ammunition
The 5.7x28mm ammunition is also lightweight. This means you can carry more rounds for the same weight compared to 9mm. The lighter weight can be a significant advantage for military and law enforcement personnel, enabling them to carry more ammunition without increasing the overall load.
Identifying the Advantages of 9mm
Availability and Cost
Now, let’s consider the strengths of the 9mm.
One of the most compelling advantages of the 9mm is its widespread availability and generally lower cost. 9mm ammunition is readily available at almost any gun store, both online and in person. This ease of access and the competitive pricing make the 9mm a more accessible and budget-friendly option for many shooters.
Stopping Power (Debate)
The 9mm has a proven record in self-defense. The debate around stopping power is always present, but numerous studies and real-world events support the 9mm’s effectiveness in incapacitating threats. The availability of a wide range of bullet designs and loadings allows shooters to tailor their ammunition to their specific needs and circumstances. The stopping power can be a factor in the choice.
Firearm Selection
The sheer variety of firearms chambered in 9mm is unmatched. From compact subcompact handguns designed for concealed carry to full-size service pistols and modern sporting rifles, the options available are immense. This allows shooters to select a firearm that perfectly matches their physical build, shooting style, and intended use.
Investigating the Drawbacks of 5.7x28mm
Ammunition Cost and Availability
However, there are disadvantages to consider with the 5.7x28mm.
The cost of 5.7x28mm ammunition is higher than the cost of 9mm. This higher price point can be a deterrent for some shooters, particularly those who enjoy frequent practice or are on a tight budget. While the price has come down over the years, the cost still remains a factor to consider.
Penetration Concerns
The high penetration capabilities of the 5.7x28mm raise concerns about over-penetration. In a self-defense scenario, the risk of the bullet passing through a target and potentially harming an innocent bystander is a serious consideration. This concern, coupled with the potential for ricochets, means careful consideration of backstops and the shooting environment is essential.
Limited Firearm Options
The selection of firearms chambered in 5.7x28mm remains limited compared to the options available for 9mm. This restricted choice may mean that potential buyers have fewer opportunities to find a firearm that perfectly fits their needs.
Assessing the Drawbacks of 9mm
Recoil
Likewise, there are areas where 9mm can be viewed unfavorably.
The recoil of 9mm firearms, especially in smaller, lighter-weight models, can be more pronounced than that of the 5.7x28mm. While manageable for most shooters, the greater recoil can make follow-up shots slower and less accurate. Shooters who are recoil-sensitive, or those who prefer more comfortable shooting experiences, may find the 9mm less appealing.
Stopping Power (Debate)
The ongoing debate around 9mm stopping power persists. While the round has a proven track record, some argue that its energy and wounding capabilities may not be as effective as other, more powerful cartridges. The choice of bullet design and the placement of shots are critical factors in this discussion.
Penetration Concerns (Over vs. Under)
While a vast array of 9mm firearms are available, the sheer abundance of options can sometimes be overwhelming. Choosing the “right” 9mm pistol can be difficult for newcomers to shooting.
Applications: Choosing the Right Cartridge
Self-Defense
The choice between the 5.7x28mm and the 9mm depends heavily on the intended application.
In a self-defense scenario, both rounds have the potential to stop a threat. The 9mm, with its wider selection of firearms, lower cost, and more readily available ammunition, may be the more practical choice for many people. The 5.7x28mm’s low recoil and high capacity make it an excellent choice for those who value ease of use and firepower.
Military and Law Enforcement
In military and law enforcement contexts, the ability to penetrate body armor and carry a high capacity of ammunition can be a significant advantage. The 5.7x28mm, with its reduced recoil and high capacity, could offer significant benefits. The 9mm, with its widespread acceptance and readily available ammunition, remains a proven choice.
Target Shooting
For target shooting, both rounds are perfectly viable. The reduced recoil of the 5.7x28mm may be appealing for extended practice sessions. The lower cost and wider selection of 9mm firearms and ammunition may make it the more economical option.
Conclusion
The FN 5.7x28mm and the 9mm Parabellum represent two distinct approaches to cartridge design, each with its own set of strengths and weaknesses. The 5.7x28mm offers the advantages of reduced recoil, high-capacity magazines, and a flatter trajectory. The 9mm is known for its widespread availability, lower cost, and proven stopping power.
Ultimately, the choice between these two rounds comes down to personal preference and the intended use case. Careful consideration of your individual needs, shooting style, and the specific requirements of your application will guide you to the right decision. What are your priorities when selecting ammunition: cost, capacity, or penetration? That answer will help you decide.
