Understanding Recoil in the Mossberg 590
The Science of Recoil
The familiar shoulder-thumping jolt. That’s the signature of a powerful shotgun, and the Mossberg 590 certainly delivers. Known for its reliability, ruggedness, and battlefield-ready design, the Mossberg 590 has earned a loyal following among law enforcement, military personnel, and civilian shooters alike. However, that power comes at a cost: recoil. For many, the felt recoil of a 12-gauge shotgun can be punishing, impacting comfort, accuracy, and even the speed with which you can take follow-up shots. Thankfully, there’s a solution: the Mossberg 590 recoil stock. This article delves into the world of recoil reduction, exploring the benefits of a recoil stock and guiding you through the process of choosing the right one for your needs.
Factors Contributing to Recoil
Before diving into solutions, let’s understand the problem. Recoil, in its simplest form, is the backward force a firearm exerts on the shooter when fired. This is a direct consequence of Newton’s Third Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the shotgun fires, the expanding gases propel the shot and wads forward. Simultaneously, an equal amount of force pushes the firearm back against the shooter’s shoulder.
Impact of Shells
Several factors contribute to the intensity of recoil. The gauge of the shotgun is a primary determinant; a 12-gauge, like the Mossberg 590, generates significantly more recoil than a 20-gauge or .410. The load of the shell also plays a vital role. Heavier loads, designed for longer ranges or more effective stopping power, naturally increase recoil. A heavier shotgun, in theory, will exhibit a lesser degree of recoil due to its inertia, though it will be more cumbersome to carry and handle.
The 590 Experience
The Mossberg 590, especially when chambered in 12 gauge and loaded with powerful shells, can produce a substantial recoil impulse. The shooter can feel this force as a sharp impact against the shoulder, which, if unchecked, can lead to a variety of problems.
Negative Effects of Recoil
Excessive recoil can cause a shooter to develop a flinch. Flinching is an involuntary reaction to anticipate the recoil, resulting in the shooter closing their eyes, jerking the trigger, or shifting their body. This dramatically reduces accuracy. Furthermore, heavy recoil can cause fatigue, particularly during extended shooting sessions. This fatigue again impacts the shooter’s form and accuracy. Finally, the force of the recoil can make it difficult to get back on target quickly for follow-up shots, crucial in many shooting scenarios, especially for home defense applications where the Mossberg 590 is often used.
What is a Recoil Stock and How Does It Work?
Definition and Purpose
A recoil stock is a firearm component designed to mitigate or absorb the force of recoil experienced by the shooter. It’s a crucial addition for many Mossberg 590 owners, especially those who plan on shooting frequently or using heavy loads. These stocks are typically constructed from durable materials like polymer, wood, or metal and are engineered to incorporate specialized recoil-reducing mechanisms.
Types of Recoil Reduction
There are a few main methods used to lessen felt recoil. One of the most common is the simple recoil pad. Recoil pads are usually made from rubber or a similar flexible material. This is designed to spread out the force over a larger area, softening the impact. A basic recoil pad can be an improvement, but the benefits are usually modest.
Advanced Systems
More advanced systems involve more sophisticated technology. Hydraulic recoil systems are built with springs, damping fluids, and pistons. These systems work by compressing under recoil force. The compressed air or fluid then slowly returns to its relaxed state, absorbing and redistributing the energy. They offer excellent recoil reduction but can be bulkier and add to the stock’s overall weight.
Spring-Based Systems
Spring-based systems are another option. These incorporate springs, like those found in more traditional stocks but in a way that is designed to absorb the energy of the shot. These often utilize a sliding mechanism within the stock itself, designed to compress upon firing and release the energy more slowly.
How Recoil Stocks Work
No matter the system, the ultimate goal of a recoil stock is to convert a large, sharp recoil impulse into a gentler, more manageable push. This is achieved by absorbing some of the energy and spreading the remaining force over a longer period. This makes the shooting experience more pleasant and helps improve accuracy.
Benefits of Using a Recoil Stock on a Mossberg 590
Improved Comfort
The advantages of adding a Mossberg 590 recoil stock extend far beyond simple comfort. The most immediate benefit is improved shooting comfort. A well-designed recoil stock significantly reduces the felt recoil transferred to the shooter’s shoulder. This allows for longer shooting sessions without fatigue, making practice more enjoyable and productive.
Enhanced Accuracy
Another key benefit is enhanced accuracy. By mitigating the harshness of the recoil, recoil stocks help minimize flinching and muzzle rise. When the shooter anticipates less recoil, they are more likely to maintain a consistent sight picture, allowing for more accurate shot placement. This is especially important for defensive situations where precise hits are vital.
Faster Follow-Up Shots
Furthermore, these stocks contribute to faster follow-up shots. With reduced recoil, the shooter can regain their sight picture more quickly after firing the first round. This improved speed is critical in situations where multiple shots are required, like in a hunting scenario or at the range.
Extended Shooting Sessions
Finally, these stocks can help extend the lifespan of your shotgun. By reducing the impact force, you can reduce the strain on the firearm’s components. This will reduce wear and tear on the receiver and other sensitive parts.
Choosing the Right Mossberg 590 Recoil Stock
Consider Your Needs
Selecting the right recoil stock is vital for achieving the desired level of comfort and performance. This decision should consider your needs, shooting habits, and the specific intended use of the Mossberg 590.
Intended Uses
Consider how you’ll primarily use the shotgun. Are you using it for home defense, hunting, or target shooting? Home defense applications typically benefit from shorter stocks and pistol grips for increased maneuverability in tight spaces. Hunting applications might value adjustable stocks for optimal fit with various clothing layers. Target shooters often prioritize stocks that offer precise adjustments for achieving ideal cheek weld and length of pull.
Recoil Stock Types and Features
There’s a wide range of recoil stock types and features available. A basic recoil pad is the simplest option. Often, these are factory equipped. However, a quality aftermarket pad can offer significant improvements in recoil reduction.
Adjustable Stocks
Adjustable stocks allow customization for the length of pull (LOP), the distance from the trigger to the shoulder. This feature is essential for achieving a proper and comfortable shooting stance. Some stocks also offer adjustable cheek rests, which help ensure that the shooter’s eye aligns perfectly with the sights or optics.
Pistol Grip Stocks
Pistol grip stocks offer a different feel and a more tactical look and feel. These can improve control and maneuverability. However, it’s important to note that pistol grips are not always suitable for all shooters, as they can sometimes make it more difficult to control the shotgun.
Complete Assemblies vs. Add-Ons
Consider a complete recoil stock assembly versus a system that mounts onto your existing stock. A complete assembly gives you everything you need. Add-on systems may be more affordable but may offer fewer features.
Popular Brands and Models
Several reputable brands specialize in Mossberg 590 recoil stocks. Magpul is a well-known brand that offers ergonomic and durable stock options with a focus on modularity. Hogue is known for its comfortable rubberized stocks, providing excellent grip and recoil absorption. ATI offers a variety of affordable and customizable options. Blackhawk! Provides a range of tactical and adjustable stocks for enhanced performance. *[Remember to add specific model recommendations based on your research and preference.]*
Material Considerations
Material choice has a significant impact on durability, weight, and recoil absorption. Polymer stocks are generally lightweight and cost-effective, offering good resistance to impact and weather. Aluminum stocks are robust and often used in more tactical applications. Steel stocks are the heaviest and most rugged and are used in heavy-duty applications where weight isn’t a significant concern.
Length of Pull (LOP)
Proper length of pull (LOP) is crucial for comfortable and accurate shooting. A correct LOP allows the shooter to get a proper cheek weld and maintain a consistent sight picture. To measure LOP, stand the shotgun up against your body and place the buttstock on your upper arm at the elbow. The trigger should come up to the crease of your index finger. There are guides online to measure accurately.
Installation
Installation varies depending on the type of stock. Many are designed for simple drop-in installation, requiring only basic tools. Others may require more extensive modifications, potentially involving drilling or fitting. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully or consult a qualified gunsmith if you are unsure.
Recoil Stock Maintenance
General Cleaning
Proper maintenance will keep your Mossberg 590 recoil stock performing optimally for years to come. Simple, regular cleaning is essential. Wipe down the stock with a clean cloth to remove dirt, debris, and any oil. If your stock features a hydraulic system, inspect it regularly for leaks or damage.
Regular Inspection
Periodically inspect the stock for any signs of wear and tear. Check the recoil pad for cracks or compression. Replace the pad if it shows signs of damage.
Lubrication
If your recoil stock features a hydraulic system, it may require periodic lubrication. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for specific lubrication recommendations.
Conclusion
Adding a Mossberg 590 recoil stock is a worthwhile investment for any shotgun owner seeking to improve their shooting experience. By reducing felt recoil, these stocks enhance comfort, accuracy, and the ability to take follow-up shots quickly. Choosing the right stock is a crucial decision, so carefully consider your needs and shooting style. With so many options on the market, there’s a perfect recoil stock for every shooter.
Remember, a well-chosen recoil stock can transform how you experience the Mossberg 590, making it more enjoyable and easier to handle and shoot. It’s an investment in your comfort, performance, and overall shooting pleasure.
