Introduction
The crisp autumn air, the rustling leaves underfoot, the anticipation that hums in your veins – these are the hallmarks of the deer hunting season. For generations, hunters have sought the thrill of the chase, the connection with nature, and the satisfaction of providing for their families. And for many, no rifle is as evocative, as powerful, or as undeniably effective for this pursuit as the legendary 45-70 Govt. Its story is woven into the fabric of American history, a tale of frontier grit and enduring performance.
This article is a deep dive into the world of 45-70 Govt deer hunting. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter looking to expand your arsenal or a newcomer drawn to the allure of this iconic cartridge, this guide provides the information and insights you need to succeed in the field. We’ll explore the history, ballistics, and practical applications of the 45-70 Govt, ensuring you’re well-equipped to make the most of your next deer hunting adventure. From choosing the right rifle and ammunition to mastering hunting tactics and prioritizing safety, this is your comprehensive resource for 45-70 Govt deer hunting.
A Legacy of Power
The story of the 45-70 Govt is a story of American ingenuity and resilience. Born in the late 19th century, it emerged from the necessity for a reliable and powerful cartridge for both military use and frontier survival. The “45” refers to the bullet’s diameter in hundredths of an inch, while the “70” signifies the original charge of black powder in grains. The “Govt” suffix, of course, signifies its official adoption by the U.S. Army. Initially, the 45-70 Govt was intended to replace the .50-70 Government and was used in the Springfield Model 1873 “Trapdoor” rifle.
This robust round quickly gained a reputation for its formidable stopping power. Unlike the smaller, faster-moving cartridges that were beginning to appear at the time, the 45-70 Govt delivered its energy with a heavy, slow-moving bullet. This design meant that the cartridge possessed exceptional knock-down power at shorter ranges. It was a perfect weapon for dealing with large game, and it rapidly became a favorite amongst buffalo hunters and early settlers. The cartridge’s simplicity and effectiveness also made it a hit with Native American warriors, who admired its reliability and ability to deliver devastating blows.
Today, the 45-70 Govt remains incredibly popular among hunters. It’s a testament to the inherent effectiveness of the round’s design. It represents a piece of history that continues to deliver the goods for today’s hunters.
The core of the 45-70 Govt’s power lies in its ballistic characteristics. The round’s effectiveness comes from the balance of bullet weight and velocity. A typical 45-70 bullet weighs around 300 to 500 grains, travelling at velocities that typically range between 1,300 and 1,900 feet per second. This combination delivers a significant amount of kinetic energy, leading to substantial impact on target. The choice of bullet weight and powder charge greatly affects both its ballistics and how it performs in the field.
The modern 45-70 Govt has evolved. With smokeless powders, the cartridge’s performance has seen significant improvement over its historical origins. Modern loadings can exceed the velocities that the early black powder loads achieved.
The benefits of the 45-70 Govt for deer hunting are numerous. Firstly, its proven terminal performance. The large-diameter, heavy bullets create a large wound channel that can lead to rapid incapacitation of deer. Secondly, its stopping power. The heavy bullets transfer a great deal of energy on impact, making them very effective at bringing down larger game at close to medium ranges. Thirdly, its adaptability in thick cover. Because of its trajectory, the 45-70 Govt shines in thick forests and brush where shots are generally shorter. Finally, the cartridge’s legacy: it is just a fun and historic cartridge to use!
However, no round is perfect. The 45-70 Govt has some disadvantages. It has a relatively curved trajectory, meaning that the bullet drops significantly over distance. This requires hunters to be very mindful of the range and have a good understanding of bullet drop and ballistics. The recoil can be substantial, especially with heavier loads, which could affect accuracy if the hunter is not prepared. And, finally, effective range is comparatively short, and optimal results are reached within the 200-yard range.
Setting Up Your Rifle for Success
Choosing the right rifle and ensuring it’s properly set up is critical for successful 45-70 Govt deer hunting. Let’s consider the main aspects to consider when preparing your rifle.
The rifle itself is the foundation. Lever-action rifles, like the Marlin 1895 and the Winchester 1886, are iconic choices for 45-70 Govt deer hunting. They are known for their reliability, fast cycling action, and ease of handling in the field. A lever-action is typically quick to bring into action in close-quarters situations. Single-shot rifles, such as the Ruger No.1, are also popular. They offer excellent accuracy potential and, often, a more modern design. The choice between a lever-action and a single-shot depends on personal preference, the hunting environment, and intended shooting distances.
Consider also the fit of the rifle. This is essential for accuracy and comfort. The stock length should allow you to comfortably shoulder the rifle and acquire a clear sight picture. A poorly fitted rifle will make it harder to shoot accurately and will likely result in excessive recoil felt to the shooter.
Choosing the correct optics is another important decision. Scopes greatly extend the effective range of a 45-70 Govt rifle. When selecting a scope, look for a scope with a magnification that is suitable for the typical shooting distances. A 1-4x or 2-7x scope offers a good balance of magnification and field of view for most deer hunting situations. The reticle choice matters: a duplex or a simple crosshair reticle is often the best option for close- to medium-range hunting, where the 45-70 excels.
The choice of iron sights is also worthy of discussion. For those who prefer a more traditional approach, iron sights are a viable alternative and a great way to connect with the history of the round. They are simple, reliable, and do not require batteries. However, iron sights offer a more limited range and precision compared to scopes.
Mounting and properly sighting in the scope is vital. The scope should be securely mounted and leveled, and it should provide enough eye relief to prevent injury from recoil. Take the time to properly sight in the rifle at the desired range. This involves shooting at targets and making adjustments to the scope to get the bullets to hit the point of aim.
The selection of ammunition is equally important for 45-70 Govt deer hunting. There are a vast array of bullet weights and bullet designs available. The choice of bullet weight will depend on the intended game and the typical shooting distances. 300-grain to 405-grain bullets are common choices for deer. A soft-point or hollow-point bullet is usually a good choice for deer. These bullets are designed to expand upon impact, which leads to quicker energy transfer and effective terminal performance. There are several reputable manufacturers of 45-70 Govt ammunition, so it’s important to choose a brand with a consistent reputation for performance. Experiment with several loads to determine what your rifle shoots most accurately.
Remember that accessories also play a crucial role. A comfortable sling will make carrying the rifle through the field much easier. A quality case is useful for protecting the rifle during transport. You should also be prepared to clean the rifle after each day of hunting.
Hunting Tactics
Knowing how to hunt with a 45-70 Govt is essential. Here are the most important aspects to consider.
Shot placement is critical for a clean and ethical kill. The ideal shot placement for deer hunting with a 45-70 Govt is the same as with any other rifle: aiming for the vital organs. This typically means aiming for the shoulder, behind the shoulder, or the heart and lungs. The 45-70 Govt’s flat trajectory is ideal for shorter distances, however, range is key. Know the limitations of the round. Estimate the range accurately using a rangefinder if possible.
Hunting strategies: Many tactics can be used in 45-70 Govt deer hunting. Stand hunting is the most popular and, at times, most effective. Placing yourself in an elevated position provides a better view and allows you to see the deer from a greater distance. Still hunting is a more active approach, involving slowly moving through the hunting area, stopping to scan for deer, and observing the wind. Tracking, although more difficult, can be done, however, it is not ideally done with a 45-70 govt. Choose the method that fits the terrain, weather conditions, and the deer’s behavior.
Always prioritize ethical hunting practices. Know and follow local regulations.
Safety, Regulations, and Practice
Gun safety is non-negotiable in 45-70 Govt deer hunting. First, always treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Second, never point the muzzle of the rifle at anything you are not willing to destroy. Third, keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot. Fourth, be sure of your target and what is behind it.
Make sure that you are fully up-to-date on your state and local regulations. Always obtain the necessary hunting permits and licenses. Be aware of the legal shooting hours. Be sure that you are aware of any specific restrictions on the use of rifles and the 45-70 Govt in your area.
Shooting practice is essential. Regularly practice with your 45-70 Govt to develop proficiency. Practice shooting at various distances. Shooting at different ranges allows you to understand the bullet drop of the 45-70 Govt.
Conclusion
The 45-70 Govt is more than just a cartridge; it’s a testament to a simpler time, a symbol of American history, and a powerful tool in the hands of a skilled hunter. Choosing the right rifle, load, and honing your skills will help you become successful in 45-70 Govt deer hunting.
Always prioritize safety, ethical hunting practices, and respect for the resource. With the right knowledge and preparation, you can experience the thrill of the hunt and the satisfaction of harvesting game.
Remember to practice, research your local regulations, and enjoy the challenge and reward of 45-70 Govt deer hunting. Good luck and safe hunting!
