Introduction
The rumble of a black powder rifle, the crack of a revolver echoing in the vast expanse of the American West – these sounds evoke a sense of history, a time when firearms were not just tools, but symbols of survival and freedom. Today, those iconic sounds are still heard, often associated with two cartridges that have cemented their place in the annals of shooting: the venerable 45-70 Government and the enduring 45 Long Colt. But which of these two classic cartridges truly reigns supreme? The answer, as with many things in life, is complex and depends heavily on your intended application. We’ll delve deep into the world of 45 70 vs 45 LC ballistics to explore the nuances of each round, comparing their strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance.
The genesis of both rounds is steeped in American history, connecting us to a time when firearms shaped the landscape and the lives of those who dared to venture West. The 45-70 Government, often referred to simply as the 45-70, emerged as the official cartridge of the United States Army in the late eighteen hundreds. Born from the need for a more powerful and accurate round to replace earlier black powder cartridges, the 45-70 quickly proved its worth on the battlefield and in the hunting fields. Its robust design and substantial charge of black powder provided impressive stopping power and a relatively flat trajectory compared to its predecessors, making it a favorite amongst soldiers, hunters, and target shooters.
The 45 Long Colt, on the other hand, holds a different kind of legacy, intrinsically linked to the Colt Single Action Army revolver, commonly known as the “Peacemaker”. Introduced around the same era, this cartridge initially served as the ammunition for the Colt’s groundbreaking revolver, which rapidly became a symbol of the frontier and the iconic gun of the cowboy era. It saw extensive use throughout the Wild West, carried by lawmen, outlaws, and everyone in between. The 45 Long Colt, although less powerful than the 45-70, became renowned for its reliability, manageable recoil, and ease of handling, making it a popular choice for close-quarters encounters. Both cartridges, despite their differing roles, share a common heritage, a testament to a time when the world was being shaped through grit and determination.
Cartridge Specifications & Comparison
Case Dimensions
Examining the physical properties of each round provides a crucial foundation for understanding their ballistic performance. The 45-70 Government boasts a considerably larger cartridge case. This larger case provides significantly more internal volume, which translates directly into the ability to hold a much larger charge of propellant. The 45 Long Colt, in comparison, possesses a smaller case. This size difference dictates the amount of powder that can be utilized, which, in turn, has a direct impact on the velocity and energy delivered by the bullet.
Bullet Types and Weights
The bullets used in each cartridge also play a crucial role. The 45-70 generally utilizes heavier bullets. Common bullet weights include the 300-grain, 405-grain, and sometimes even heavier projectiles. These bullets, often featuring flat nose or round nose designs, are designed to provide substantial impact and penetration at longer ranges. The 45 Long Colt, on the other hand, typically uses lighter bullets. 250-grain and 255-grain bullets are common. These bullets, usually with a round nose profile, are well-suited for quick handling and more readily used in revolvers. The differences in bullet weight and design contribute to significant differences in ballistic performance.
Powder Capacity
Muzzle velocity is a critical performance indicator when comparing these two cartridges. The 45-70, owing to its larger case capacity, is capable of achieving considerably higher muzzle velocities. Modern 45-70 loads can propel a 300-grain bullet at speeds exceeding one thousand eight hundred feet per second, and heavier bullets can reach velocities well above one thousand five hundred feet per second. This higher velocity contributes to a flatter trajectory and increased energy downrange. The 45 Long Colt, limited by its smaller case and thus lower powder capacity, produces significantly lower muzzle velocities. A typical 255-grain bullet may leave the barrel at around eight hundred to nine hundred feet per second. This lower velocity impacts the round’s effective range and overall energy.
Ballistics Comparison: Key Factors
Trajectory/Bullet Drop
Trajectory, or the path a bullet takes through the air, is another crucial aspect of ballistic performance. The 45-70, with its higher velocity, exhibits a flatter trajectory, especially at longer distances. This means the bullet drops less over a given distance compared to the 45 Long Colt. A flatter trajectory simplifies aiming, as shooters need to compensate less for bullet drop. The 45 Long Colt, with its lower velocity, has a more pronounced bullet drop. Shooters must compensate accordingly when engaging targets at varying ranges. Precise aiming is therefore essential to achieve accurate shots with this cartridge at greater distances. The impact of bullet drop becomes more pronounced as the range increases.
Energy at Various Ranges
The energy of a bullet, often measured in foot-pounds, is a key measure of its stopping power and ability to effectively deliver a hit. The 45-70, with its higher velocity and heavier bullet weights, delivers considerably more energy downrange compared to the 45 Long Colt. At the muzzle, a 45-70 load can generate energy exceeding two thousand foot-pounds. Even at several hundred yards, this round maintains substantial energy. The 45 Long Colt generates less energy. While effective at close range, the energy decreases more rapidly with distance. This difference in energy is crucial when considering hunting applications. The 45-70 presents a higher capacity for larger game whereas the 45 Long Colt is better suited for smaller game or self-defense.
Sectional Density and Ballistic Coefficient
Sectional density and ballistic coefficient are essential considerations when assessing how a bullet performs in flight. Sectional density measures the weight of a bullet relative to its diameter. A bullet with a higher sectional density is better able to penetrate through air resistance, maintaining velocity downrange. The 45-70, often utilizing heavier bullets with higher sectional densities, can often perform better at longer ranges. The 45 Long Colt, with its lighter bullets, may have lower sectional density, impacting its long-range performance. Ballistic coefficient quantifies a bullet’s ability to overcome air resistance. Higher values indicate better aerodynamic efficiency. Bullets with a higher ballistic coefficient, like those typically found in the 45-70, tend to retain velocity and energy more efficiently over long distances, allowing for a greater effective range.
Performance Comparisons: Advantages & Disadvantages
Hunting Applications
In the realm of hunting, both cartridges have seen their share of use, though their suitability varies depending on the intended game and the ranges at which shots are taken. The 45-70 Government, with its powerful energy and range capabilities, proves to be an effective choice for medium to large game. Hunters frequently employ the 45-70 when pursuing elk, deer, black bear, and other similar animals. Its high energy transfer and ability to penetrate deep make it a reliable choice for taking down large animals. It is important to be knowledgeable on the range constraints of the cartridge as well. The 45 Long Colt’s use is less common for big game hunting, though it can be utilized on smaller game species such as deer and smaller predators at relatively short ranges. Its reduced energy compared to the 45-70 means it may not be the most effective choice for heavier animals or longer distances. For hunting, the key is matching the cartridge to the animal and the expected range.
Target Shooting
For target shooting, both cartridges provide satisfying and engaging experiences, albeit in different contexts. The 45-70 has seen increased popularity within the realm of long-range target shooting, particularly with enthusiasts who appreciate the challenge and historic significance of the round. The 45-70 can be capable of impressive accuracy at distances of up to several hundred yards. The 45 Long Colt also retains its place in shooting competitions and is particularly popular in cowboy action shooting. This unique discipline celebrates the spirit of the Old West, emphasizing the use of period-correct firearms and clothing. The 45 Long Colt’s slower velocities and easier recoil make it ideal for fast-paced, multiple target shooting.
Recoil
Recoil is another factor to consider when choosing between these two cartridges. The 45-70, with its higher power and heavier bullets, generates a more noticeable recoil impulse. The shooter needs to be prepared for a substantial push and should practice frequently to maintain control and accuracy. The 45 Long Colt, with its lighter loads, produces significantly less recoil. This makes it easier to manage, especially during rapid-fire exercises, and more accessible for shooters of varying experience levels.
Firearm Availability and Cost
Firearm availability and cost can also influence your decision. Both cartridges are widely available, though the 45-70 has perhaps experienced a resurgence in popularity in recent years, leading to a slightly broader selection of rifles and ammunition choices. Ammunition prices are, in most cases, relatively similar, though some specialty loads can vary. The primary factor is to ensure the weapon in question will suit your preferred style and applications.
Reloading Considerations
Reloading Potential
Reloading offers an exciting opportunity to customize your ammunition and optimize performance. The 45-70 provides a wider range of options for experimenting with different powders, bullets, and loads. Reloaders can tailor their loads to specific firearms and hunting requirements. The 45 Long Colt also can be reloaded and provides a level of personalization. The cartridge, however, has limitations due to the smaller case capacity. Reloading offers greater control over the ballistic characteristics. It’s also essential to follow safe reloading practices and to always carefully consult loading manuals and experienced reloaders to avoid any potential danger.
Conclusion
So, 45 70 vs 45 LC ballistics reveal distinct profiles that cater to different needs. The 45-70 Government reigns supreme when it comes to raw power, long-range capabilities, and hunting large game. It’s the powerhouse, the long-range specialist, capable of reaching out and delivering devastating results. However, it comes with the trade-off of more recoil and potentially higher ammunition costs. The 45 Long Colt, on the other hand, shines in its ease of use, close-range effectiveness, and deep-rooted historical connection. The choice is not about which round is “better,” but which best suits your specific needs. For the cowboy action shooter, the revolver enthusiast, or someone looking for a classic round with manageable recoil, the 45 Long Colt remains an excellent choice. For the hunter of larger game, the target shooter who enjoys the challenge of long-range shooting, or someone who simply appreciates a round with serious power, the 45-70 is the king.
In closing, both the 45-70 Government and the 45 Long Colt represent enduring legacies in the world of firearms. Their stories are interwoven with the history of the American West. Ultimately, the true “supreme” cartridge in the 45 70 vs 45 LC ballistics comparison depends on your shooting goals and the role you want these cartridges to play in your own history. Choose wisely, practice diligently, and appreciate the rich heritage embedded within these iconic rounds.
