Origins and Development of Two Powerful Cartridges
The .338 Winchester Magnum
The .338 Winchester Magnum, often simply referred to as the .338 Win Mag, is a relatively modern cartridge, conceived in the late 1950s. Winchester, a company synonymous with American firearm innovation, designed the .338 Win Mag to fill a niche. It aimed to provide a cartridge with exceptional power and a flatter trajectory than many existing rounds, particularly for medium to large game hunting. The development involved necking down the .375 H&H Magnum case to accommodate a .338-inch diameter bullet. This strategic design gave the cartridge considerable versatility, making it suitable for a range of applications, from elk and moose to bears. The .338 Win Mag quickly gained popularity, particularly among hunters who needed a long-range, hard-hitting option. It found a ready audience among hunters seeking to extend their effective range while still maintaining the ability to handle substantial game.
The .35 Whelen
In stark contrast, the .35 Whelen’s genesis lies in the spirit of cartridge customization and American ingenuity. Colonel Townsend Whelen, a prominent firearms expert of the early 20th century, conceived the .35 Whelen. He envisioned a cartridge that utilized the widely available .30-06 Springfield case, but necked up to accept .358-inch diameter bullets. This approach offered several advantages. The readily available .30-06 brass provided a cost-effective source of ammunition. Furthermore, the larger diameter bullets offered a substantial increase in frontal area and potential for stopping power, particularly at the closer ranges often found in North American hunting. The .35 Whelen, therefore, represented a cost-effective way to gain a substantial boost in power and versatility. While not a factory-loaded cartridge initially, the .35 Whelen quickly gained traction among reloaders and custom rifle builders, cementing its place as a significant force in hunting circles. The .35 Whelen’s story is a testament to the adaptability and enduring appeal of a carefully crafted cartridge.
Analyzing the Ballistic Performance
Bullet Selection & Weight
The heart of the matter when choosing between two cartridges lies in their ballistic performance. This is where the .338 Win Mag and the .35 Whelen reveal their key distinctions.
Bullet weight is a critical factor. The .338 Win Mag typically utilizes bullets ranging from 180 to 250 grains, although some specialized loads might venture beyond these ranges. The .35 Whelen, on the other hand, usually employs bullets between 200 and 250 grains. This difference in bullet weight selection shapes the performance of each cartridge.
Muzzle Velocity
Muzzle velocity is a key differentiator. The .338 Win Mag, by virtue of its larger case capacity and the typical bullet weights it employs, enjoys a significant advantage in muzzle velocity. A 200-grain bullet can easily be propelled at speeds exceeding 3000 feet per second (fps), offering a flatter trajectory and more extended effective range. The .35 Whelen, while still capable of excellent velocities, usually falls behind. A 200-grain bullet might travel around 2700 fps. This difference in velocity translates directly into trajectory.
Trajectory
Trajectory is crucial when considering the practical application. The flatter trajectory of the .338 Win Mag, aided by its higher muzzle velocity, makes it more forgiving at longer ranges. The shooter needs to account for less bullet drop, leading to more accurate shots at extended distances. The .35 Whelen, while capable, exhibits a more curved trajectory, meaning the hunter must compensate for bullet drop more carefully at longer ranges.
Terminal Ballistics & Penetration
Terminal ballistics and penetration are important components. Both cartridges deliver substantial energy on impact. The .338 Win Mag, with its higher velocity and bullet weight options, often delivers more energy on target. The .35 Whelen, with its larger bullet diameter, can create a more substantial wound channel, which can be extremely effective at short-range.
Considering the Advantages and Disadvantages
.338 Winchester Magnum: Pros and Cons
Each cartridge presents a distinct set of advantages and disadvantages that hunters must carefully consider.
The .338 Winchester Magnum often appeals to those seeking maximum range and energy. Its flatter trajectory enables longer effective ranges, making it a suitable choice for open terrain and situations where shots at extended distances are likely. The higher velocities associated with the .338 Win Mag translate into greater retained energy at longer ranges, often delivering a more decisive impact on game. However, the .338 Win Mag’s considerable power also introduces disadvantages. Recoil is generally more substantial than the .35 Whelen, which can affect the shooter’s comfort and accuracy, particularly during follow-up shots. Ammunition costs are frequently higher. Additionally, barrel life can be shorter due to the high-pressure nature of the cartridge.
.35 Whelen: Pros and Cons
The .35 Whelen, on the other hand, caters to a different hunting style. Its strengths include lower recoil, often allowing for quicker follow-up shots and more comfortable shooting sessions. Ammunition is often more readily available and can be more cost-effective. Its larger bullet diameter can be an advantage in brushy environments, where the bullet is less likely to deflect on impact. The .35 Whelen offers a balance of performance. However, it has limitations. Its trajectory is not as flat as the .338 Win Mag, which might be a disadvantage for longer-range shots. Its effective range tends to be shorter, and it may not be the best choice for large game where maximum energy transfer is crucial.
Matching Cartridges to Hunting Scenarios
Game Animals and Suitability
The choice between these two cartridges should always depend on the hunting scenario at hand.
For hunting elk, moose, or bear in open areas, the .338 Win Mag shines. Its flat trajectory and long-range capabilities are ideal for open terrain. It offers excellent energy transfer at longer distances, ensuring a decisive impact on large game. The .35 Whelen is capable on these types of game, but is more ideal for closer ranges.
Hunting Environments
For whitetail deer and black bear hunting in timbered areas, or where shots are typically taken at relatively close range, the .35 Whelen can be an excellent choice. Its larger bullet diameter and potential for creating a wide wound channel will work very well. Its lower recoil is a big plus for quick follow up shots.
Consider the terrain. If you hunt in areas with open plains and long sightlines, the .338 Win Mag will likely be the better choice. Conversely, if you hunt in thick brush or heavily timbered areas, where shots are often taken at shorter ranges, the .35 Whelen might provide a distinct advantage.
Looking at Rifle Availability and Cost
Rifle Options for Both Cartridges
The practicalities of using a rifle cartridge extend beyond ballistic performance. Rifle availability and the cost of ammunition also play essential roles.
Both cartridges have a healthy presence in the rifle market. The .338 Win Mag is a very popular cartridge. Many manufacturers make rifles chambered for it, including Browning, Remington, Savage Arms, and Winchester. The .35 Whelen, though not as ubiquitous, remains a well-supported cartridge. Rifles are available from manufacturers such as Ruger, Remington (although offerings have fluctuated over time), and custom rifle builders.
Ammunition Cost and Availability
Ammunition costs can influence the decision. The .338 Win Mag typically commands a higher price. This is due, in part, to the specialized nature of the cartridge and the cost of materials. The .35 Whelen ammunition, while not inexpensive, is often more affordable. This can be an important factor for hunters who shoot frequently or who are on a budget.
Dealing with Recoil and Shootability
Recoil Comparison
Recoil and shootability, too often overlooked, are paramount to enjoying the hunting experience and achieving accuracy.
The .338 Win Mag is a powerful cartridge, and its recoil can be substantial. This is not necessarily a problem, but shooters should practice with their rifle. The high recoil of the .338 Win Mag can lead to a flinch, affecting shot placement. The shooter needs to develop techniques for handling recoil. The .35 Whelen, with its lower recoil, is generally more comfortable to shoot.
Practical Considerations
Both of these cartridges are often found in bolt-action rifles, which can be very accurate and very effective.
Conclusion: Making the Right Choice for the Hunt
In the end, the selection between the .338 Win Mag and the .35 Whelen demands careful consideration of the individual hunter’s needs and the circumstances of the hunt. The .338 Win Mag is a potent choice for hunters seeking extended range and the ability to tackle the largest game. The .35 Whelen is a compelling option for hunters who want a balance of power, manageable recoil, and cost-effectiveness, especially when close-range shots are most likely. By assessing individual preferences, the terrain, and the game pursued, hunters can determine which cartridge is best suited to their needs.
Ultimately, the best cartridge is the one that you can shoot accurately and confidently. Consider the game you plan to hunt, the terrain you’ll be hunting in, and your budget. And most importantly, practice with your rifle and ammunition to ensure you are prepared for any situation. The choice is yours, and the adventure awaits.
