Understanding the Contenders
Introducing the Options
The world of shooting and hunting is filled with diverse options, each designed to excel in its own niche. One of the most enduring and versatile categories is the rimfire cartridge. Known for its affordability, relatively low recoil, and suitability for a wide range of targets, the rimfire has remained a staple for sport shooting, pest control, and small game hunting. Within the .22 caliber realm, two prominent contenders often emerge: the 22 Hornet and the 22 WMR, also known as the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire. These cartridges, though sharing the same bullet diameter, present significant differences in their performance, range, and intended applications. This article will delve into a comprehensive comparison, helping you decide which of these popular .22 options best suits your needs and shooting style.
Differentiating the Cartridges
Before diving into the details, it’s helpful to understand the basic characteristics of each cartridge. The .22 Hornet is a centerfire cartridge, historically notable, which differentiates it immediately from its rimfire counterpart. The .22 WMR, on the other hand, is a rimfire cartridge that came about with an aim to provide more power within the rimfire realm. Both cartridges offer advantages, but they cater to different levels of shooting and hunting.
Unveiling Ballistic Capabilities
22 WMR Ballistics
One of the most critical aspects to consider when choosing a cartridge is its ballistic performance. This involves understanding how the bullet travels through the air, its energy, and its effective range.
The 22 WMR (22 Magnum) has a heritage that can be traced back to a desire for an elevated performance rimfire option. This cartridge typically launches bullets in the range of 30 to 50 grains. The muzzle velocities typically range from roughly 1,500 to 2,000 feet per second (FPS), depending on the bullet weight and powder load. This gives the .22 WMR a relatively flat trajectory out to moderate distances, making it suitable for targets out to approximately 100 to 125 yards. The energy delivered at these ranges is sufficient for dispatching small game and controlling pests. While effective, the .22 WMR is often affected by wind drift, which becomes a more significant factor at extended distances.
22 Hornet Ballistics
Shifting our focus to the 22 Hornet, this centerfire cartridge offers a markedly different ballistic profile. The .22 Hornet, in its historical development, sought to provide a more potent option than existing .22 rimfires. The bullet weights typically employed are usually lighter than the 22 WMR, often ranging from 35 to 46 grains. The muzzle velocities, however, are significantly higher, routinely exceeding 2,500 FPS and often reaching 3,100 FPS, depending on the load. This enhanced velocity gives the .22 Hornet a flatter trajectory, making it possible to hit targets out to 200 yards and beyond. The increased energy delivered downrange makes the .22 Hornet a more effective option for longer shots and for taking slightly larger varmints and pests than the .22 WMR.
Trajectory and Energy Comparison
The difference in trajectory is crucial. The flatter trajectory of the .22 Hornet means that the bullet drops less over a given distance. This provides greater accuracy, especially at longer ranges. The .22 WMR’s trajectory has a more pronounced arc, necessitating more precise adjustments for range. Furthermore, the increased velocity of the .22 Hornet translates to greater energy on impact. This is essential for ensuring a clean and humane kill when hunting. While the .22 WMR provides sufficient energy for smaller game at close to moderate ranges, the .22 Hornet is far more capable at longer distances, offering more knock-down power and better effectiveness for a wider range of targets.
Performance in the Field: Hunting and Pest Control
22 WMR Field Performance
The ultimate test of any cartridge is its performance in the field. Whether you are a hunter or involved in pest control, the choice of cartridge depends heavily on the target animal and the shooting conditions.
The 22 WMR has long been a favorite for small game hunting and pest control. Its energy, combined with its accuracy at shorter ranges, makes it suitable for rabbits, squirrels, prairie dogs, and similar-sized targets. When hunting with the .22 WMR, expanding bullet designs are typically preferred. These bullets ensure greater energy transfer upon impact, increasing the likelihood of a quick and ethical kill. Proper shot placement remains critical. The .22 WMR is an accessible option for those looking to control smaller pests around the farm.
22 Hornet Field Performance
Turning our attention to the 22 Hornet, the increased power and range make it well-suited for different game. It’s a viable choice for woodchucks, foxes, coyotes, and larger varmints. The .22 Hornet’s flatter trajectory provides greater flexibility, making it easier to take longer shots. The choice of bullet is important, expanding designs being popular with shooters. Again, ethical hunting depends upon selecting the correct bullet and achieving precise shot placement. Because the .22 Hornet provides greater energy, it is capable of anchoring larger animals than is possible using the .22 WMR.
Ethical Hunting Considerations
It’s crucial to remember that ethical hunting requires understanding the capabilities and limitations of the cartridge you choose. Over-ranging a cartridge or using an underpowered load can lead to wounded animals. It’s always best to err on the side of caution, and to practice consistently with your chosen firearm to ensure both accuracy and shot placement.
Cost, Availability, and Reloading
Ammunition Costs
The practical aspects of owning and using a cartridge extend beyond just ballistics and field performance. Factors like cost and availability also significantly influence your decision.
The .22 WMR typically has an advantage in the cost of ammunition. Mass production and simpler manufacturing processes contribute to lower price points. This can be an essential factor for those who shoot frequently or for those on a budget. Rifles chambered for the .22 WMR are also widely available, including bolt-action, lever-action, and semi-automatic rifles. The price range of these rifles is generally affordable, making the .22 WMR an accessible option for many shooters.
Rifle Availability and Reloading
The 22 Hornet’s ammunition tends to be more expensive than .22 WMR, largely due to the nature of the centerfire cartridge and the greater variety of specialized bullets and loads available. While there are still plenty of affordable options, the costs can add up, especially with frequent shooting. However, it’s important to note that the 22 Hornet is also a reloadable cartridge. Reloading allows you to reduce the cost of ammunition over time, while also tailoring loads to your specific needs and preferences. Rifles chambered in .22 Hornet are readily available in various configurations, but in comparison to .22 WMR, the choices might be somewhat narrower. Prices vary depending on the brand and type of rifle.
Recoil, Noise, and Other Practicalities
Recoil and Noise Comparison
Practical considerations such as recoil, noise, and ease of use round out the assessment.
Both the .22 WMR and the .22 Hornet produce very low recoil. This makes them enjoyable to shoot and easy to handle, especially for new shooters.
Noise levels are similar. However, when hunting, it is worthwhile to consider a suppressor with the 22 Hornet; though there are limitations because of the centerfire nature of the cartridge.
Accuracy and Optics
Accuracy potential is a critical element. Both cartridges are inherently accurate, but factors like the rifle’s quality, the quality of ammunition, and the shooter’s skill affect accuracy. The 22 Hornet, with its flatter trajectory and potentially higher-quality loads, sometimes offers a slight edge in precision at longer ranges.
Optics play a major role. Both cartridges benefit from the use of scopes, and a wide range of suitable scopes is available for both the .22 WMR and the .22 Hornet.
Ease of Use
The ease of maintenance is also a consideration. Both rifles are simple to maintain.
Making Your Decision
Choosing the Right Option
Choosing between the 22 Hornet and 22 WMR depends greatly on how you intend to use it.
The 22 WMR is an excellent choice for plinking, casual target shooting, and hunting small game and controlling pests at moderate ranges. It’s affordable, widely available, and provides sufficient power for its intended purposes. If your primary goal is to take down squirrels and rabbits at 75 yards and in, the 22 WMR is a great choice.
The 22 Hornet is a more versatile option, especially for hunting at longer ranges or for taking down larger varmints. Its increased power and flatter trajectory provide advantages in these situations. The ability to reload, for some shooters, is also a key point. If you are interested in hunting woodchucks, or coyotes, and your shooting ranges will extend beyond 100 yards, then the .22 Hornet is the more appropriate choice.
Final Thoughts
Recap and Recommendations
Both the .22 WMR and the .22 Hornet are well-respected .22 caliber options. The .22 WMR is known for its affordability and effective performance at close to moderate ranges. The .22 Hornet offers increased power, a flatter trajectory, and greater range. The ideal choice will depend on the intended use, target species, and budget. Always practice safe gun handling. Research further, and consider renting or borrowing each type of rifle to find the best option for your shooting goals.
