The Versatility of the 20 Gauge for Turkey Hunting
The gobble echoes through the dawn. The air is crisp, the anticipation palpable. Turkey hunting, a time-honored tradition, requires skill, patience, and the right equipment. One of the most popular choices for those pursuing the elusive wild turkey is the twenty-gauge shotgun. But with a plethora of options available, how do you choose the perfect shell? This article dives deep into the world of 20 Gauge Turkey Loads, exploring the impact of shot sizes and helping you select the ammunition that will bring you success in the field. We’ll focus on the distinct characteristics of different shell types to help you bag that trophy tom.
The 20-gauge shotgun has a loyal following among turkey hunters, and for good reason. It strikes a compelling balance between power, manageability, and versatility. Its appeal stems from its many advantages:
Lightweight and Maneuverable
Compared to its heavier 12-gauge counterparts, the twenty-gauge offers a significant advantage in terms of weight. This makes it easier to carry through the woods, especially during long stalks or hunts where you’re navigating challenging terrain. The reduced weight also contributes to quicker shouldering and aiming, critical when a wary turkey struts into range.
Reduced Recoil
The 20-gauge generally produces less recoil than a 12-gauge. This is a significant factor for hunters, especially those who are smaller in stature, new to turkey hunting, or simply recoil-sensitive. Reduced recoil allows for quicker follow-up shots, if necessary, and a more comfortable shooting experience, enhancing accuracy and enjoyment.
Effective Range
While it might not reach out quite as far as a 12-gauge, the 20-gauge, when loaded with the right ammunition and paired with an appropriate choke, is perfectly capable of taking turkeys at ethical ranges. This allows for hunting in many different environments.
Availability and Affordability
Twenty-gauge ammunition is widely available, found at almost every sporting goods store. The ammunition is normally more affordable than the 12-gauge.
However, it’s important to acknowledge the 20-gauge’s limitations to make informed decisions:
Shorter Effective Range
The most noticeable limitation is its slightly shorter effective range compared to the 12-gauge. This means hunters will need to be more mindful of shot distances and choose their shots carefully.
Fewer Pellets
Due to the smaller bore size, the 20-gauge typically holds fewer pellets per shell compared to a 12-gauge load of the same shot size.
Despite these limitations, the 20-gauge remains an excellent choice for turkey hunting when used with the proper equipment and understanding of its capabilities.
Understanding Shot Sizes: What to Choose for Your Hunt?
The shot size within a 20 Gauge Turkey Load is crucial to your success. The size of the pellets impacts the number of pellets in the shell and, consequently, the pattern density, penetration, and effective range.
The Big Ones: Larger Pellets for Power and Penetration
Larger shot sizes like, the ones that will give you maximum penetration at longer distances. Fewer pellets in the shell mean you will have fewer chances of a quick, clean kill, but will have the greatest amount of penetration. With this shot type you want to make sure you have an appropriate choke. This shot type may be appropriate for those taking longer shots.
A Balanced Approach: Versatility in Every Shell
The middle-ground, provides a balanced approach, suitable for general-purpose turkey hunting. These loads offer a good combination of pellet count and penetration, making them versatile enough for a variety of situations and terrain. With this shot type you can feel comfortable knowing that a majority of the shots will be successful.
Dense Patterns: Closer Shots and Dense Cover
The smallest shot sizes offer the highest pellet count, resulting in denser patterns at closer ranges. This is advantageous when hunting in thick brush or dense cover, where the turkey may be closer than you think. The higher pellet count improves the chances of hitting vital organs, leading to a more efficient and ethical kill. With this option, the use of a tighter choke is optional.
To make an informed decision, you need to consider the range at which you will be taking shots, as well as the terrain and the cover.
Selecting the Right Load for Your 20-Gauge
Choosing the correct 20 Gauge Turkey Load is more complex than simply picking a box off the shelf. Several factors need consideration before that first shot:
Range Assessment: Distance to Target
How far away are you comfortable and ethically shooting? This is the most crucial factor. Estimate your effective range and choose a load that will deliver a dense pattern with enough energy to penetrate the turkey’s vitals. A 20-gauge with certain shot types may be best at a specific range, so be sure to be cognizant of the range you’ll be shooting from before you buy the load.
Cover Assessment: Dense vs. Open Terrain
Are you hunting in open fields or dense forests? In open areas, you might be able to take longer shots, in which case a load with a higher pellet count and a tighter pattern might be preferable. In dense cover, shorter shots are likely, where a wider, more forgiving pattern may be better.
Turkey Behavior: Close Encounters or Distant Toms?
Consider the typical behavior of the turkeys in your hunting area. Are they generally wary and keep their distance, or do they come close and are easier to ambush? Adjust your load selection based on this anticipated behavior. If they hang up at 50 yards often, you’ll be more inclined to use a shell that is known for its range and penetration.
Shotgun Choke Consideration: Pattern Control
The choke in your shotgun plays a critical role in how your load patterns. A full or extra-full choke typically produces tighter patterns, allowing for longer effective ranges. Modified chokes offer a balance between pattern size and range, while improved cylinder chokes offer wider patterns for very close shots. The selection of the choke is important to match the type of load you are using, as well as the expected hunting conditions. Experimentation is key, as different combinations of shot size, choke, and even brand of load, can affect pattern density.
The Crucial Step: Patterning Your Shotgun
Before heading into the field, you must pattern your shotgun. This simple yet essential practice will teach you the performance of your chosen load and the capabilities of your shotgun.
Why Patterning Matters:
Patterning allows you to see how your shotgun and load combination performs at various distances. It determines the pattern density (the number of pellets within a set circle at a given range), which will ultimately show you the optimal range at which you can reliably kill a turkey with that load. Patterning ensures you are maximizing your chances of a clean and ethical kill.
How to Pattern Your Shotgun:
- Materials: You will need a large target (a paper target with a circle is ideal) and your shotgun.
- Set up a shooting range: Choose a safe location where you can shoot at a range with a clear backdrop.
- Starting Distance: Begin at a known distance, typically 20 yards.
- Aim: Center your target as if you are shooting at a turkey’s head and neck.
- Fire: Shoot at the target, taking notes on the pattern.
- Repeat and Repeat: Repeat the process at longer ranges (30, 40 yards, etc.).
- Analyze: Count the pellet hits within the circle, marking them for identification. This will give you an idea of the pattern density.
Interpreting Your Patterns:
- Density: A dense, even pattern is desirable, with a high pellet count within the circle.
- Gaps: Look for any gaps in the pattern, as these areas could allow a turkey to escape injury.
- Range: Determine the range at which your pattern is optimal, ensuring sufficient pellet density for a clean kill.
By knowing the exact pattern of your gun, you’ll be prepared for the specific hunting situation. Patterning your gun is one of the most important things to do before going hunting!
Load Reviews and Recommendations for Your 20 Gauge
Choosing specific loads requires you to research and find those that work best with your firearm and personal preferences.
This section will list various ammunition products and include a review of each, but the availability of these products change frequently. These specific recommendations are for example purposes only, and should be confirmed by the hunter prior to purchase.
Example:
Federal Premium 20 Gauge TSS
Characteristics: This premium offering often uses Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) pellets, which are incredibly dense and provide superior penetration and pattern density.
Review: Highly regarded for its exceptional performance, delivering tight patterns and devastating knock-down power, allowing for longer shot capabilities. It is expensive, so plan ahead, and ensure that your hunt is worth the cost.
Hevi-Shot Magnum Blend
Characteristics: Another great option for a good pattern and the ability to cover long distances.
Review: Hevi-Shot Magnum Blend is a high-performance shot that is specifically designed for turkey hunting. This shot is a good all-around option that does not sacrifice performance for the price.
Winchester Long Beard XR
Characteristics: The Winchester Long Beard XR is known for its excellent pattern density and range. This load utilizes a special wad designed to protect the shot and improve the pattern.
Review: It is considered a well-rounded load that offers a great balance between performance and affordability.
Remington Premier Magnum Turkey
Characteristics: The Remington Premier Magnum Turkey loads are a reliable option for turkey hunters.
Review: This load is a great choice for anyone who wants to get on the turkey trail for a reasonable cost.
Safety is Paramount
Turkey hunting, like all types of hunting, demands strict adherence to safety protocols:
Safe Gun Handling:
Always treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Never point your gun at anything you are not willing to destroy. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot. Know your target and what lies beyond it.
Hearing and Eye Protection:
Always wear appropriate ear protection, such as earmuffs or earplugs, when shooting. Eye protection protects you from debris and provides you with an additional level of protection.
Ethical Shot Placement:
Aim for the turkey’s head and neck for a quick and humane kill. Avoid body shots, as they often result in a wounded bird.
Concluding Thoughts
The 20-gauge shotgun is a powerful and versatile tool for turkey hunting. To achieve success, select the right 20 Gauge Turkey Load that balances the need for power, range, and pellet count. By understanding the advantages of the 20-gauge, carefully selecting the correct shot size and patterning your shotgun, you can significantly improve your chances of a successful and ethical hunt. Always follow safety guidelines, and remember to respect the animals you are pursuing. With the right preparation, you’ll be well on your way to enjoying the thrill of bagging a tom.
