A Look at the Cartridges
Hornady Magnum Rimfire
The 17 HMR, or Hornady Magnum Rimfire, emerged as a revolutionary rimfire cartridge. The development of the 17 HMR was a collaborative effort between Hornady and Marlin Firearms in the early part of the new millennium. The core idea was simple: take a standard .22 Magnum case and neck it down to accept a .17 caliber bullet. This innovation unlocked the potential for significantly increased velocity and a flatter trajectory, delivering a potent performance in a compact package.
The casing design of the 17 HMR, which is the foundation of its function, is a significant aspect. Being a rimfire cartridge, the priming compound is located within the rim of the case. The relatively small case holds a measured amount of fast-burning powder to propel the lightweight .17 caliber projectiles. Common bullet weights for the 17 HMR typically range from around seventeen grains to twenty grains. This gives us the ability to see higher velocities compared to larger rimfire cartridges. The speed is a significant benefit of the 17 HMR, helping the bullet to reach up to twenty-six hundred feet per second, depending on the specific load.
The 17 HMR quickly gained popularity, and the cartridge is often associated with its effectiveness for small game. You will find that the rifles that are made for this cartridge can be both bolt-action and lever-action, each having its own distinct aesthetic and use. They are often more affordable than centerfire options, contributing to its appeal.
Winchester Super Magnum
Next in our lineup, the 17 WSM, or Winchester Super Magnum, entered the scene with a bold ambition: to redefine rimfire performance. While not as ubiquitous as the 17 HMR, the 17 WSM brought a significant step up in ballistics. The 17 WSM came from a collaboration between Winchester and Savage Arms, and its intent was to take the rimfire performance to a new level.
Unlike the 17 HMR, the 17 WSM utilizes a unique case. The 17 WSM’s design is based on a .27 caliber nail gun blank, and it’s primed centrally. The .17 WSM is a rimfire cartridge, just like the 17 HMR, but it can be seen as an evolution of that class. Its case is much larger, which allows it to hold a significantly greater amount of powder.
This allows for much higher velocities, the most significant defining characteristic of the 17 WSM. Typical bullets usually weigh around twenty grains, and often exit the muzzle with speed exceeding three thousand feet per second. This velocity increase creates a considerably flatter trajectory than the 17 HMR, resulting in an extended effective range.
The 17 WSM can be found in a variety of rifles, and it is a well-regarded option for varmint hunting and small game. They are typically bolt-action or semi-automatic, and their construction is done for the accuracy that comes from the cartridge.
Hornet
Finally, we encounter the 17 Hornet, a centerfire cartridge, which marks a different approach altogether. It is a tiny, accurate centerfire round that has a long and interesting history.
The story of the 17 Hornet began with the .22 Hornet case, which was necked down to accept a .17 caliber bullet. While the .22 Hornet has been around for quite some time, the .17 version is the newer cartridge of the two. It was developed to provide better velocities and flatter trajectories for varmint hunting.
The 17 Hornet case is fundamentally different from its rimfire counterparts. It’s a centerfire design, which means the primer is centrally located within the base of the case, giving it a more robust and reliable ignition. This design gives the shooter the ability to reload their ammunition, tailoring it to their needs.
The bullet weights of the 17 Hornet are typically in the range of 20 grains to 25 grains. The typical velocity of the bullets is around three thousand, six hundred feet per second, or even higher, based on the load.
The 17 Hornet is used in a wide variety of rifles. These can include bolt-action rifles and single-shot firearms. Because the cartridge is centerfire, the rifles are often built to the standards expected of centerfire rifles.
Comparing Ballistic Performance
Velocity and Energy
The 17 HMR often launches bullets with velocities of approximately twenty-six hundred feet per second. The energy at the muzzle generally falls around one hundred and seventy foot-pounds, making it an efficient performer for its size.
The 17 WSM is a clear winner when it comes to velocity. Its typical muzzle velocities often exceed three thousand feet per second, with some loads reaching nearly three thousand and two hundred feet per second. That translates to a significant increase in muzzle energy, often exceeding two hundred and fifty foot-pounds.
The 17 Hornet, being a centerfire cartridge, offers substantial power. The 17 Hornet often has muzzle velocities in the range of thirty-six hundred feet per second. The muzzle energy of the 17 Hornet is substantial, often around three hundred and eighty foot-pounds.
Trajectory
Trajectory, or the path of the bullet, is a critical factor in any shooting situation. The 17 HMR’s trajectory is relatively flat for a rimfire, making it accurate at shorter ranges. You can expect a bullet drop of around three inches at one hundred yards, and it will drop substantially at distances beyond that.
The 17 WSM’s trajectory is much flatter. This is a direct result of the higher velocities. The drop at one hundred yards will be much less than the 17 HMR, and it retains more of its energy at a distance.
The 17 Hornet will have a similar flat trajectory. With a muzzle velocity pushing thirty-six hundred feet per second, the drop is very low and the trajectory allows for very accurate shooting at extended ranges.
Effective Range
The effective range, that is the maximum distance where the bullet can still deliver acceptable accuracy and energy, varies with each cartridge. The 17 HMR is most effective out to approximately one hundred yards, with reliable hits.
The 17 WSM’s increased velocity and flatter trajectory extend its effective range. With its performance, the 17 WSM can be used accurately to distances out to two hundred yards, and sometimes beyond.
The 17 Hornet is designed for a much longer range. It can perform well out to three hundred yards or more, due to its centerfire design and high velocities.
Performance Characteristics
The Upsides of the HMR
The 17 HMR holds several clear advantages. The primary advantage of the 17 HMR is the low recoil that it produces. The round produces minimal recoil, making it an ideal cartridge for beginners and also experienced shooters. The low recoil allows for quick follow-up shots. The 17 HMR is also quite affordable. Ammunition is often inexpensive, allowing for more trigger time and less expense. The cartridge has a high degree of accuracy, making it useful for small game and target practice. There is also no shortage of 17 HMR rifles, as they can be found in a multitude of configurations.
Advantages of the WSM
The 17 WSM brings some distinct advantages. Its biggest advantage is the speed with which the bullets leave the barrel, creating an even flatter trajectory. The increased velocity also equates to more energy at a distance, which is beneficial for larger targets.
The Positive Attributes of the Hornet
The 17 Hornet provides its own unique advantages. It offers the advantages of a centerfire cartridge, which includes improved performance, accuracy, and reliability compared to rimfire options. The bullet is less affected by wind than the 17 HMR. The 17 Hornet also allows the shooter to reload their own ammunition.
Drawbacks and Trade-offs
Limitations of the HMR
The 17 HMR has some limitations. The 17 HMR’s major limitation is its limited effective range. The bullet will lose energy quickly at longer distances. The cartridge also is more susceptible to wind drift. Its shorter effective range can limit its usefulness.
Challenges of the WSM
The 17 WSM has some challenges. Ammunition for the 17 WSM tends to be more expensive than the 17 HMR. The cartridge also is somewhat louder.
The Hornet’s Downsides
The 17 Hornet comes with its own issues. The cost of ammunition tends to be more than the other options, as do the rifles themselves. It can also provide some recoil, although it isn’t substantial.
Finding the Right Fit: Applications
Perfect Applications of the HMR
The 17 HMR is best suited for small game hunting. It’s perfectly suited to rabbits, squirrels, and other varmints. It can also be useful for pest control, especially when you are dealing with small nuisance animals. The 17 HMR is also great for target practice at the range.
Best Applications of the WSM
The 17 WSM is best suited to small game hunting as well. It is ideally suited for hunting coyotes, fox, and similar-sized animals. The high velocity allows for longer effective range, making it useful for varmint hunting.
Ideal Situations for the Hornet
The 17 Hornet is best for varmint hunting. You can use it for a multitude of animals. The Hornet is also well-suited for small predator hunting and provides good results. The centerfire performance and accuracy make it beneficial at longer distances.
Making Your Choice
Choosing the right cartridge hinges on a few key considerations. Let’s recap the factors to take into account.
Your primary consideration should always be the intended use. What are you planning to hunt or shoot? The type of game or target you’re after will influence which cartridge is the best fit. Consider the distances you will be shooting at. Do you need a flat trajectory for long-range shots?
Your budget is also a factor. Ammunition costs can add up quickly, and rifle prices vary. Think about how often you plan to shoot.
Consider your sensitivity to recoil. While none of these cartridges produce substantial recoil, if you are sensitive to it, choose the 17 HMR.
Finally, a quick recap can clarify the key differences. The 17 HMR offers affordability, a flat trajectory, and low recoil. The 17 WSM provides higher velocity and range. The 17 Hornet provides accuracy and versatility.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the 17 HMR, 17 WSM, and 17 Hornet each offer unique advantages, suitable for specific needs. The 17 HMR provides a great entry point. The 17 WSM offers a boost in velocity and power. The 17 Hornet provides a centerfire experience. The best choice depends on your shooting goals. Evaluate your needs, consider your budget, and choose wisely. Good luck and happy shooting!
(Remember to consult with local regulations and follow all safety guidelines when handling firearms.)
